The Indonesian government, through its downstreaming program, strives to ensure that the entire process chain from minerals to manufactured products is carried out domestically in order to be exported with significantly higher economic value. This, in turn, has encouraged a surge in new investments in Indonesia. One of the demands from downstream companies is high-quality raw materials. The quality of raw materials heavily relies on the efficiency of mineral processing processes by the extractive metallurgical industry.
Additionally, environmental advocates also demand special attention to ensure that the downstreaming process does not have negative impacts on the environment. These two aspects, namely process efficiency and the environment, are important indicators in the concept of sustainability.